mTOR signaling in protein homeostasis

mTOR signaling in protein homeostasis

Protein homeostasis—a delicate equilibrium between synthesizing proteins, maintaining protein conformations, refolding misfolding proteins and removing damaged proteins—is normally maintained by cellular networks involving ribosomes, chaperones and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Ribosomes decode genetic information and convert it into the amino acid sequences of proteins. Molecular chaperones...

mTOR Signaling.

The scarcity of nutrients/energy interspersed with sporadic periods of abundance means that cells must transition between anabolic and catabolic states. An important protein that has evolved to respond to this need is the target of rapamycin (TOR). TOR is a well-conserved serine/ threonine kinase that plays an important role in the signaling network that controls growth and metabolism in respon...

Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in joint homeostasis and disease.

Despite advances in therapies that target inflammation and tissue destruction in chronic arthritis, stimulation of tissue repair and restoration of joint function, the ultimate goal of treatment, is far from achieved. We introduce a new paradigm that may help to improve our understanding and management of chronic arthritis. The presence or absence of tissue responses distinguishes destructive a...

Hemojuvelin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in iron homeostasis

Mutations in hemojuvelin (HJV) are the most common cause of the juvenile-onset form of the iron overload disorder hereditary hemochromatosis. The discovery that HJV functions as a co-receptor for the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of signaling molecules helped to identify this signaling pathway as a central regulator of the key iron hormone hepcidin in the control of systemic iron home...

SnapShot: mTOR Signaling